Hello,
Onlangs was daar 'n vraag hier oor seksuele misbruik in die Rooms Katolieke Kerk en was daar 'n antwoord gebied deur 'n deelnemer hier maar het dit nie geslaag om dit werklik te antwoord nie, dit het as refrein gehad dat alle gelowe is geloof. Die hamer wat elke vraag as 'n spyker sien.
Daar was egter twee aspekte wat uitgestaan het en wel 'n impak gehad het, die kwessie van die weerlose liggaam en siel en dat die kerk nie los van die samelewing gesien kan word nie en dat hierdie seksuele misbruik in die lig van seksuele misbruik in die groter samelewing gesien word.
Aangesien hierdie 'n moeilike onderwerp is het ek nie op daardie stadium 'n brief geplaas maar sal nou aangesien die boek waaruit ek wou put uiteindelik deur my aangeskaf is hierdie naweek en is die plan om dit saam aan te bied met 'n artikel uit die Washington Post waarmee ek bekend is van ongeveer 2010 se omgewing. Daar gaan dus om aanhaling gesteun word. Die artikel is gepubliseer 18 April 2010 en is getiteld “Five myths about the Catholic sexual abuse scandal”, en kan hier gevind word.
Ek wil graag twee mites aanhaal om te begin:
Gay priests are to blame.
Some defenders of the Catholic Church's response to the abuse crisis say that homosexual priests are responsible for the majority of abuses, in part because more than 80 percent of the victims are male. They argue that true pedophiles -- adults who are pathologically attracted to pre-pubescent children -- constitute a small minority of offenders. Vatican Secretary of State Tarcisio Bertone repeated this gay-pedophile link and such reasoning was partially behind a 2005 Vatican policy barring gays from seminaries. Such assertions have numerous flaws. For one thing, research shows that gay men are no more likely to molest children than straight men. (And celibacy doesn't seem to be a determining factor, either.) Yes, 80 percent of the victims were male, but many offenders assaulted children of both sexes. Maciel abused boys and fathered children with several women. Moreover, the abusers had access to boys; an adult male couldn't go on overnight trips with girls or take them away unchaperoned. Finally, while critics of gay clerics fret that homosexuals dominate the priesthood and endanger children, in fact the ostensible increase in gay priests in recent years has coincided with a sharp decrease in reports of child abuse by clergy.
Hierdie is baie gewild en is daar gereeld 'n tendens om homoseksualiteit en pedofiele as een en dieselfde te klassifiseer.
Die tweede mite sluit aan by die stelling dat die Roomse Kerk nie veel anders daarna sal uitsien as wat die groter samelewing daarna sou uitsien nie:
Sexual abuse is more pervasive in the Catholic Church than in other institutions.
Sexual abuse of minors is not the province of the Catholic Church alone. About 4 percent of priests committed an act of sexual abuse on a minor between 1950 and 2002, according to a study being conducted by John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York. That is roughly consistent with data on many similar professions. An extensive 2007 investigation by the Associated Press showed that sexual abuse of children in U.S. schools was "widespread," and most of it was never reported or punished. And in Portland, Ore., last week, a jury reached a $1.4 million verdict against the Boy Scouts of America in a trial that showed that since the 1920s, Scouts officials kept "perversion files" on suspected abusers but kept them secret.
"We don't see the Catholic Church as a hotbed of this or a place that has a bigger problem than anyone else," Ernie Allen, president of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, told Newsweek. "I can tell you without hesitation that we have seen cases in many religious settings, from traveling evangelists to mainstream ministers to rabbis and others."
Part of the issue is that the Catholic Church is so tightly organized and keeps such meticulous records -- many of which have come to light voluntarily or through court orders -- that it can yield a fairly reliable portrait of its personnel and abuse over the decades. Other institutions, and most other religions, are more decentralized and harder to analyze or prosecute.
Still, it is hardly good news that the church appears to be no different from most other institutions in its incidence of abuse. Shouldn't the Catholic Church and other religious institutions hold to a higher standard?
Hierdie is dan 'n inleiding tot die volgende:
Understanding and Addressing Adult Sexual Attraction to Children: A Study of Paedophiles in Contemporary Society (Sarah D Goode)
Kindle Location 431-45:
There is a clear distinction to be made at the outset between child sexual abuse (adult sexual contact with children below the legal age of consent) and paedophilia (adult sexual attraction to children below the legal age of consent). Child sexual abuse, under a variety of terms, has existed for as long as there have been legal definitions of the age of consent. Prior to that, and in any situations where legal ages of consent do not exist, children will still be vulnerable to sexual abuse and rape but the recognition that harm is occurring may be lacking. Paedophilia is, strictly speaking, in a separate conceptual category to child sexual abuse. It is defined as a medical condition similar to other psychosexual disorders or 'paraphilias' (disorders of sexual function). The contemporary definition of paedophilia, therefore, is tied up with its medical diagnosis and clinical treatment. Paedophilia, as we currently understand it, is the medical diagnosis of a fixed sexual orientation which may or may not manifest itself in actual behaviour towards a child.
The most recent version (DSM-IV-TR, APA 2000) has three conditions which need to be met in order for a diagnosis of paedophilia to be made. First, it requires that, over a period of at least six months, the individual has experienced recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviours involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children. (The DSM classifies 'prepubescent' as generally meaning aged thirteen years or younger.) Second, the individual must either have acted on these sexual urges, or the sexual urges or fantasies must have caused the individual marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. Third, the individual must be aged at least sixteen years, and must be at least five years older than the child or children in the fantasies or activities. The sexual attraction may be limited only to incestuous relationships within the individual's own family. To be diagnosed, the individual need not be exclusively attracted to children.
The working definition of paedophilia as according to this book meaning an individual who is predominantly or exclusively sexually attracted to children below the legal age of consent, whether or not they act on that sexual attraction (and whether or not they are distressed by their attraction or have had interpersonal difficulties because of it).
Die oorsaak van die toestand word soos volg aangespreek:
Kindle location:
601-45Studies have looked at how the male human brain is 'masculinised' and 'defeminised' by hormones circulating in the mother's body while the baby is still in the womb. At the embryo stage, all babies are 'female' in that, unless acted upon by specific hormones, babies develop the internal reproductive organs, external genitalia and forms of brain structure which are 'feminine' or 'female-typical'.
Only in the relative presence of certain hormones and the relative absence of others will embryos develop into males. In order to become male, therefore, an embryo needs both to be actively 'masculinised' and also actively 'defeminised'. The process of masculinisation occurs first, then defeminisation. According to biologists studying animal models (Feierman 1990; Hutchison and Hutchison 1990), the neurochemical process of masculinisation links sexuality with 'social dominance' behaviours, that is, competitive aggressiveness, active 'courtship' and 'mounting' or 'insertion' behaviours.
This linking of sexuality with social dominance makes males sexually attracted to 'small', 'weak', 'young' and 'helpless' individuals (Feierman 1990:46). Feierman suggests that the brains of paedophiles are 'extremely masculinised' (1990:46; later Feierman adjusts this to 'slightly more masculinised than occurs in adult heterosexual males', 1990:53), making them more likely to find extremely submissive (that is, very small, weak, young and helpless) individuals the most sexually attractive.
The neurochemical process of defeminisation removes the 'female-typical' behaviour patterns and at the same time increases the likelihood that males will find such 'feminised' behaviour sexually alluring (think of the typical heterosexual male response to Monroe). Feierman claims that paedophiles are 'slightly less defeminised' than heterosexual men (1990:53), thus they would be less likely to be aroused by typical 'feminine' behaviours. Sociobiological explanations for human behaviour do have a rather conservative tendency to look at what is, and then search for explanations in unlikely places (mice, reptiles, birds and so forth) to explain and justify the social status quo; however, the two-dimensional model of embryonic brain masculinisation and brain defeminisation can both suggest why some men might find children sexually attractive and also predict, given a normal distribution curve for this biochemical process, what order of magnitude we might expect for paedophiles in a population. Feierman (1990:51), looking only at men, suggests that 'the central tendency in evolution is to produce heterosexual males by producing an optimal amount of masculinisation and defeminisation of the male brain in utero.' When the levels of masculinisation and defeminisation are slightly skewed, homosexuality, paedophilia (to either males or females) or transsexualism will result. From this model, Feierman predicts that, in any given population of men, paedophiles will be more common than homosexuals who will in turn be more common than transsexuals. He also predicts that: If the distribution of the points in the model reflects differing degrees of masculinisation and defeminisation of the male brain, then there is every reason to believe that the distributions would actually be continuous across all males rather than being discontinuous around arbitrary and nonmutually exclusive categories such as 'heterosexual' and 'androphilic ephebophile' [a man attracted to adolescent boys]. (Feirerman 1990:52) Feierman later describes this rather technically but memorably in the following way: [Paedophiles] are the 'by-products' of the inevitable biological variation around a selected central tendency. So that most males will 'love' children and adolescents just the right amount…some males will unfortunately love them too little and some too much. Such males, who love children and adolescents to a degree more than average or less than average, will be carried along in a population in the tails of frequency distributions.
It is most likely, therefore, that pedo- and ephebophilia are individual, facultative proclivities that are bent out of the tails of hormonal frequency distributions around the optimum brain masculinisation and brain feminisation of the 'average male'. (Feierman 1990:559, 563) In other words, Feierman seems to be implicitly proposing four important hypotheses in this model:
1. Paedophilia is caused by brain chemistry arising before birth: that is, paedophiles are born, not made.
2. Paedophiles fall within a normal distribution curve for human males.
3. Paedophiles are more common than homosexuals.
4. Sexual attraction to individuals smaller and more 'feminine' than oneself (including boys and young adolescents) is part of a continuum occurring in all males, not just paedophiles, and thus there is no clear cut-off point between a 'paedophile' and a 'non-paedophile'. Feierman is also, of course, conflating 'love' with sexual attraction, but, leaving that on one side, these are still some pretty hefty claims and would clearly need a great deal of substantiating evidence.
Bogenoemde is oop vir debat vir die wat die 'nature-nurture' aspek wil ondersoek en is bogenoemde slegs 'n aanbieding soos die argumente gevind is en is oop vir korreksie. 'n Aspek wat nie bespreek is verwys na 'n ander eksperiment wat gedoen is wat uitgewys het hoe vatbaar die mens vir seksuele stimulasie is en redelik skokkend in eie reg en sal as kommentaar geplaas word om die lengte van hierdie brief te beperk.
Daar word afgesluit met 'n segment van Saterdag se 'On the Media' van WNYC en die onderhoud met Sister Sally Butler van Catholic Whistleblowers wat as doelwit die rapportering en vervolging van seksuele misbruike.
Daardie onderhoud kan hier gehoor word.
Die onderhoud sluit soos volg af en haal ek my hoed vir Suster Sally Butler af:
Die onderhoud sluit 'n vraag in van Brooke Gladstone of 82 jarige Sally Butler die Roomse Kerk gaan verlaat. Butler se antwoord is nee, dit is haar kerk en die wat die onskuldiges seksueel misbruik moet die kerk verlaat.
'n Moeilike brief om te skryf maar die vraag was gevra en is bogenoemde aangebied as 'n gedeeltelike antwoord.
Baie dankie
Wouter