Litnet

Hello,

Wat om te doen met Cornelius Henn?

Hy wat die minste weet, praat die meeste.

Vir hoeveel jaar gaan Henn nie nou al so aan nie. Erger as sy oom, Jan Rap.

Comestor lees darem, hy wil net nie PRAAG laat gaan nie.

Henn, is so complacent about the fact he doesn’t know much about anything that he has made himself stupid. He’s like an inverted polymath: his ignorance is multi-disciplinary and constantly expanding. He’s perfectly happy.

Die poging om Henn dus iets te vertel van neoliberalisme sal dus faal.

Maar Dirk het die gewoonte om 'n vraag te vra, wat my laat dink, maar ek weet min van daardie onderwerp af en dan gaan lees ek daaroor.

Ek het weer so gaan doen en volg 'n kort opstel saamgestel uit Manfred B. Steger and Ravi K. Roy se "Neoliberalism A Very Short Introduction".

http://www.kalahari.com/Digital-Downloads/Neoliberalism-A-Very-Short-Introduction-eBook_p_43195566

Spesiaal aangekoop om te deel met Neelsie.

(Onthou Neelsie, wanneer die skrywer en die boek duidelik uitgelig word, is dit nie plagiaat nie).

Ook belangrik, KYK MA, GEEN WOORDEBOEK NIE!!!!

Die skrywers is aan die woord, en die aspekte soos gekies deur my hier geplaas:

This book has been designed to introduce readers to the origins, evolution, and core ideas of neoliberalism by examining its concrete manifestations in various countries and regions around the world.

‘Neoliberalism’ is a rather broad and general concept referring to an economic model or ‘paradigm’ that rose to prominence in the 1980s.

Built upon the classical liberal ideal of the self-regulating market, neoliberalism comes in several strands and variations.

Perhaps the best way to conceptualize neoliberalism is to think of it as three intertwined manifestations:

(1) an ideology;

(2) a mode of governance;

(3) a policy package.

Let us carefully unpack these fundamental dimensions.

Die konsep van ideologie gaan ek nie nou bespreek nie en word aan die leser oorgelaat om te handel met die konsep volgens sy eie kennis.

Die tweede aspek van die definisie sal dus begin word mee:

A neoliberal governmentality is rooted in entrepreneurial values such as competitiveness, self-interest, and decentralization.

It celebrates individual empowerment and the devolution of central state power to smaller localized units.

Such a neoliberal mode of governance adopts the self-regulating free market as the model for proper government.

Rather than operating along more traditional lines of pursuing the public good (rather than profits) by enhancing civil society and social justice, neoliberals call for the employment of governmental technologies that are taken from the world of business and commerce:

mandatory development of ‘strategic plans’ and ‘risk-management’ schemes oriented toward the creation of ‘surpluses’;

cost–benefit analyses and other efficiency calculations;

the shrinking of political governance (so-called ‘best-practice governance’);

the setting of quantitative targets;

the close monitoring of outcomes;

the creation of highly individualized, performance-based work plans;

Die derde aspek van die definisie word soos volg uitgelig:

Neoliberalism manifests itself as a concrete set of public policies expressed in what we like to call the ‘D-L-P Formula’:

(1) deregulation (of the economy);

(2) liberalization (of trade and industry);

(3) privatization (of state-owned enterprises).

Related policy measures include massive tax cuts (especially for businesses and high-income earners);

reduction of social services and welfare programmes;

replacing welfare with ‘workfare’;

use of interest rates by independent central banks to keep inflation in check (even at the risk of increasing unemployment);

the downsizing of government;

tax havens for domestic and foreign corporations willing to invest in designated economic zones;

new commercial urban spaces shaped by market imperatives;

anti-unionization drives in the name of enhancing productivity and ‘labour flexibility’;

removal of controls on global financial and trade flows;

regional and global integration of national economies;

and the creation of new political institutions, think tanks, and practices designed to reproduce the neoliberal paradigm.

The so-called ‘neoconservative’ initiatives often supported the neoliberal policy agenda in pursuit of shared political objectives.

In turn, many neoliberals embraced conservative values, especially ‘family values’, tough law enforcement, and a strong military.

The nearly universal adoption of at least some parts of this policy package in the 1990s reflected the global power of the ideological claims of neoliberalism and thus normalize market-oriented behaviour.

Neoliberal modes of governance encourage the transformation of bureaucratic mentalities into entrepreneurial identities.

The intellectual origins of neoliberalism can be traced to Friedrich August von Hayek, an influential member of the early 20th-century Austrian School of Economics and attracted like-minded intellectuals committed to strengthening the principles and practice of a ‘free society’ by studying the workings and virtues of market-oriented economic systems.

Vowing to stem what they saw as the ‘rising tide of collectivism’ – be it Marxism or even less radical forms of state centred planning.

A great believer in the free market’s spontaneous ability to function as a self-regulating and knowledge-generating engine of human freedom and ingenuity,

Hayek considered most forms of state intervention in the economy as ominous milestones on the ‘road to serfdom’ leading to new forms of government engineered despotism.

The neoliberal principles advocated by Hayek greatly influenced the American economist Milton Friedman, winner of the 1976 Nobel Prize. The charismatic leader of the Chicago School of Economics (based at the University of Chicago), Friedman had an influential hand in guiding neoliberalism from constituting a mere minority view in the 1950s to becoming the ruling economic orthodoxy in the 1990s.

Neoliberalism soon spread to other parts of the world.

Examples include Chile after General Augusto Pinochet’s 1973 CIA supported coup, the economic transformation of formerly communist Eastern Europe, and post-Apartheid South Africa.

The rise of neoliberalism in the English-speaking world is most notably associated with US President Ronald Reagan (1981–8) and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (1979–90).

Hoofstuk 2 bespreek Reagan & Thatcher terwyl Hoofstuk 3 die ekonomiese beleid rigtings van "President Bill Clinton and Prime Minister Tony Blair in the 1990s bespreek.

"Reflect a middle-of-the road approach that embraced major portions of neoliberalism while also seeking to incorporate parts of a socially progressiveagenda traditionally associated with political parties of the democratic Left.

Die verspreiding van neoliberalisme word dan bespreek in die konteks van ander lande ook, soos byvoorbeeld, Chile, Japan, Ghana ens.

Die boek eindig met die volgende, het die krisis van 2008 die einde van neoliberalisme gebring.

Tentatiewelik word die volgende gedagtes gedeel.

Most blamed global financial elites for adhering to a neoliberal dogmatism.

Political leaders both on the Left and the Right not only openly questioned the tenets of neoliberalism, but also argued in favour of greater regulatory oversight by national and global institutions.

But perhaps the most comprehensive and sophisticated criticism of the neoliberal model came in March 2009 in the form of a 65-page United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Report, titled ‘The Global Economic Crisis: Systematic Failures and Multilateral Remedies’.

The UNCTAD Report contains four key messages.

First, it emphasizes that ‘market fundamentalist laissez-faire’ of the last two decades had dramatically failed the test on real-world application. Financial deregulation had created the build-up of huge financial risks whose unwinding had pushed the global economy into debt deflation that, ultimately, could only be countered by government debt inflation.

Second, ‘blind faith in the efficiency of deregulated financial markets’ and the absence of a cooperative financial and monetary system had created an illusion of risk-free profits and licensed profligacy through speculative finance.

Third, the growing role of financial conglomerates on commodities and derivatives had led to extreme volatility and the emergence of speculative commodity ‘ bubbles’ such as the US housing bubble.

Finally, similar to the 1997–8 Asian Crisis, the absence of a cooperative international system to manage exchange rate fluctuations had facilitated rampant currency speculations and increased global imbalances, thus bringing a number of countries to the verge of default.

The UNCTAD Report also suggested three constructive remedies:

(1) comprehensive re-regulation of the global financial system with the world’s governments working in unison to achieve this goal;

(2) government–private sector cooperation to stimulate economic growth;

(3) developing countries should no longer be subjected to the kind of neoliberal logic that caused the current crisis in the first place.Indeed, less than a month after the publication of the UNCTAD Report the heads of state of the G-20 Summit met in London to agree on a common economic strategy.

Daarmee dan, neoliberalisme in 'n neutedop.

Henn, dit sou beter gewees dat jy dalk hierdie keer eerder wikipedia gaan probeer het, in plaas van jou woordeboek.

Vra FC Boot om jou te help, hy kan google dat dit klap.

Lees meer ouboet. Dit gaan jou regtig help.

Nou kan jy met ons deel watter bestel jy en Jan Rap hier sou wou sien.

Baie dankie

Wouter