Woorde wat ontwikkel het uit die Internet

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Hello,

Angus se werklik insiggewende besprekings oor die aard van taal wat bevestig hoe die taal, ‘n lewende entiteit is en gedurig aanpas verwys. In die lig daarvan kan die volgende as ‘n voorbeeld dien van hoe woorde geskep word en ingeneem word in die taal. In hierdie brief word daar verwys na die gebruik soos dit ontwikkel en opgeneem is in Engels asook algemene gebruik, selfs in Afrikaans dalk.

1. Avatars

Die woord het sy oorsprong van die Sanskrit term avatara, wat die afkoms van 'n god van die hemel in aardse vorm beskryf. Dit word opgeneem in Engels in die laat 18de eeu, via Hindi en is dit met Neal Stephenson se 1992 roman Snow Crash dat die huidige tegnologiese inslag ontwikkel en op daardie manier begin gebruik word. .

2. Hashtags

In 1920-Amerika, die # gedien as 'n snelskrif vir gewig in pond en het in die laat 1960's verskyn as die generiese funksie simbool op die fone van daardie tyd en het so algemeen begin word maar dit is op Twitter wat hierdie simbool en woord uiteindelik tot sy reg kom.

3. Scunthorpe problems

Hierdie is vir my ‘n nuwe term en word soos volg beskryf:

Computing can be as much combat as collaboration between people and machines, and the Scunthorpe problem is a perfect example. Entirely innocent words can fall victim to machine filth-filters thanks to unfortunate sequences of letters within them – and, in Scunthrope's case, it's the second to fifth letters that create the difficulty. The effect was labelled in honour of the town in 1996, when AOL temporarily prevented any Scunthorpe residents from creating user accounts; but those who live in Penistone, South Yorkshire – or people with surnames like Cockburn – may be equally familiar with algorithms' censorious tendencies.

4. Trolling

Wie ken nie ‘trolling’ en ‘trols’ nie. Dit is redelik skaars op LitNet.

Die oorsprong van woord het sy oorsprong in die ou Franse werkwoord, "troller", wat beteken om rond te loop terwyl op ‘n jagtog. "Trolling" is in die 1600’s opgeneem in Engels as 'n beskrywing van die metode waarvolgens aas in water geplaas word vir die vangs en het hierdie dan die oorsprong van die idee van die lokaas geword waarmee onskuldige gebruikers op die internet uitgelok sou word. Dit is ook bekend dat ‘n troll ook verwys na monsteragtige Nordiese wesens en hiermee die prent afrond en baie duidelik maak hoe wreed ‘n troll is.

5. Memes

Soos bekend aan baie lesers hier is dit bekend dat hierdie term het sy oorsprong van Richard Dawkins wat die term "meme" in 1976 boek The Selfish Gene geskep het wat dit gepoog het om te klink soos "gene", en het as bedoeling 'n eenheid van kulturele oordrag.

6. Spam

Het nie bespreking nodig nie as sodanig nie, maar was dit Monty Python's Flying Circus wat die woord in ‘n totaal ander rigting laat ontwikkel het en kan dit maklik vergeet word dat Spam was en is nog steeds ‘n tipe ham.

7. LOLs

Selfbeskrywend.

8. Meh

Selfbeskrywend.

9. Cupertinos

Hierdie is ‘n nuwe term aan my ook en word soos volg beskryf:

Also known as "auto-correct errors", a Cupertino error occurs when your computer thinks it knows what you're trying to say better than you do. The name comes from an early spell checker program, which knew the word Cupertino - the Californian city where Apple has its headquarters - but not the word "cooperation". All the cooperations in a document might thus be automatically "corrected" into Cupertinos. Courtesy of smartphones, Cupertinos today are a richer field than ever – a personal favourite being my last phone's determination to transform "Facebook" into "ravenous".

10. Geeks

Selfbeskrywend.

Hierdie is geneem uit ‘n bespreking Netymology: From Apps to Zombies: A Linguistic Celebration of the Digital World by Tom Chatfield.

Baie dankie

Wouter  

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Kommentaar

  • Johannes Comestor

    Gene (Engels en enkelvoud) = Geen (Afrikaans en enkelvoud). Meme (Engels en enkelvoud ) = Meem (Afrikaans en enkelvoud). Genes (Engels en meervoud) = Gene (Afrikaans en meervoud). Memes (Engels en meervoud) = Meme (Afrikaans en meervoud). Dawkins se bedoeling was dat "gene" en "meme" moet rym, asook "genes" en "memes". In Afrikaans word dit dus: "geen" en "meem", asook "gene" en "meme"; nie "memes" nie.

     

    Johannes Comestor 

  • Hello Comestor

     
    Baie dankie vir die inset en die ekstra konteks geplaas, dalk is die woord 'n bietjie omvorm vir gebruik op die internet? 
     
    Die veronderstelling was egter dat memes nog nie heeltemal die pad na Afrikaans geloop het, maar kan dit dalk net so opgeneem word, al sou dit dalk nie taalkundig as korrek aanvaar word nie.
     
    Baie van die woorde hierbo, verwys na die gebruik in Engels, maar dit was ook opmerklik hoe dit sonder verandering in Afrikaans opduik, al impliseer dit weer taalvermenging.
     
    Wouter
  • Aanvullend tot die vorige kommentare: 

     
    "Richard Dawkins coined the term "meme" in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene as a shortening of the Ancient Greek term mimeme ("an imitated thing"). He designed his new word to sound like "gene", signifying a unit of cultural transmission. Little did he know that his term would become one of the most iconic of online phenomena, embodying the capacity of the internet to itself act as a kind of gene-pool for thoughts and beliefs – and for infectious, endlessly ingenious slices of time-wasting."
  • Sommige gewilde internetterme het inderdaad seker heeltemal goeie Afrikaanse weergawes, bv. "spam", wat mens seker ook gemorspos kan noem. So 'n woord sal hom dalk in die algemene spreektaal kan vestig. En 'n woord soos "trollery" (op die Afrikaanse manier uitgespreek) of "getrol" (in 'n sin soos "KdK se ewige getrol op LitNet") tref my as heel pikant, en meer aanvaarbaar as "trolling" (op die Engelse manier uitgespreek.) Ek het die etimologie van die term heel interessant gevind, want ek het altyd aanvaar dit kom van die mitologiese wese, eerder as van die Franse woord. Siende interenttrolle juis mense is wat sappige aas plaas waaraan naïewe lesers keer op keer hap, maak dit eintlik meer sin as die idee dat trolle op die web uit Noorse mitologie kom.

     
    Ander terme gaan waarskynlik Engels bly, of ons daarvan hou of nie. Ek kan nie eintlik sien dat enigiemand ooit van 'n hashtag gaan praat as 'n kaf-etiket (of dalk 'n dagga-etiket!) nie. En dan is daar woorde soos mikrotjip, wat miskien 'n goeie kompromis is tussen microchip en mikroskyfie (of, nog erger, mikrovlokkie).
     
    Scunthorpe problems kan dan seker ook maar Scunthorpe-probleme word? En autocorrect iets soos outokorrek of outokorrigeer? 
     
    Ek het eendag, jare gelede, myself lelik in Microsoft se outokorrek vasgeloop. Ek tik met twee vingers, so ek kyk die hele tyd op die sleutelbord eerder as op die skerm. By die werk skryf ek toe eendag 'n brief in Afrikaans, maar vergeet om die outokorrigeerfunksie af te skakel. Toe ek uiteindelik opkyk na die skerm, toe het MSWord amok gemaak met my brief...
  • Beste Wouter

    Baie dankie hiervoor. Ek is ook dankbaar bly dat ek nie die redakteur van WAT is nie. Die HAT wat ek nou die dag gekoop het, lyk alweer verouderd. Miskien lê die oplossing in elektroniese woordeboeke.
  • Hello Brianvds & Angus, 

     
    Baie dankie vir die kommentaar en stem ek met 'gemorspos' asook met 'trollery', dit klink goed in Afrikaans en dit is hoekom my gevoel was dat 'memes' sal oorleef, weens die klank daarvan. Ek dink werklik ook elektroniese woordeboeke is die toekoms en kyk woorde op, grootliks net op die internet, daar is paar baie goeie webwerwe.
     
    Maar ek wil baie graag hierdie deel. Hierdie is 'n 'op-ed' uit die New York Times van 'n paar jaar terug wat vasgesteek het.

     
    August 4, 2012
    Auto Crrect Ths!
    By JAMES GLEICKI
     
    MENTION a certain writer in an e-mail, and the reply comes back: 
     
    “Comcast McCarthy??? 
     
    Phoner novelist???” 
     
    Did I really type “Comcast”? 
     
    No. The great god Autocorrect has struck again.
     
    It is an impish god. I try retyping the name on a different device. This time the letters reshuffle themselves into “Format McCarthy.” 
     
    Welcome to the club, Format. 
     
    Meet the Danish astronomer Touchpad Brahe and the Franco-American actress Natalie Portmanteau.
     
    In the past, we were responsible for our own typographical errors. 
     
    Now Autocorrect has taken charge. 
     
    Earlier this year, the police in Hall County, Ga., locked down the West Hall schools for two hours after someone received a text message saying, “gunman be at west hall today.” 
     
    The texter had typed “gunna,” but Autocorrect had a better idea.
     
    Peter Sagal, the host of NPR’s “Wait Wait ... Don’t Tell Me!” complains via Twitter: “Autocorrect changed ‘Fritos’ to ‘frites.’ Autocorrect is effete. Pass it on.”
     
    Tweets the actor and author Stephen Fry: 
     
    “Just typed ‘better than hanging around the house rating bisexuals’ to a friend. 
     
    Thanks, autocorrect. Meant ‘eating biscuits.’ 
     
    People blast Autocorrect for mangling their intentions. 
     
    And they blast Autocorrect for failing to un-mangle them.I try to type “geocentric” and discover that I have typed “egocentric”; is Autocorrect making a sort of cosmic joke? 
     
    I want to address my tweeps (a made-up word, admittedly, but that’s what people do). No: I get “twerps.” 
     
    Some pairings seem far apart in the lexicographical space. “Cuticles” becomes “citified.” “Catalogues” turns to “fatalities” and “Iditarod” to “radiator.” 
     
    What is the logic?
     
    The logic is hard to discern, and consistency is for hobgoblins. 
     
    Sometimes “Capistrano” may become “vapid tramp”; next time maybe “campus tramp.” 
     
    Kathryn Schulz, the author of “Being Wrong,” tweets in verse:
     
    Super fans
     
    sweaty fans
     
    sweaty dreams
     
    sweet dreams.
     
    Autocorrect train wreck over here.
     
    Actually, an assortment of competing algorithms is at work. 
     
    Autocorrect is not a single entity but a hodgepodge, from different vendors, chief among them Apple, Google and Microsoft. 
     
    All their algorithms start with the low-hanging fruit. They know what to do when you type “hte.” 
     
    After that, their goals vary, and so do their capabilities. 
     
    The iPhone’s Autocorrect function loves to insert apostrophes. You can rely on it: type “dont” and get “don’t.” Type “cant” and get “can’t” — but is that what you wanted? 
     
    Autocorrect is just playing the odds. Even “ill” turns to “I’ll” and “id” to “I’d” (sorry, Dr. Freud).
     
    When Autocorrect can reach out from the local device or computer to the cloud, the algorithms get much, much smarter. 
     
    I consulted Mark Paskin, a longtime software engineer on Google’s search team. Where a mobile phone can check typing against a modest dictionary of words and corrections, Google uses no dictionary at all.
     
    “A dictionary can be more of a liability than you might expect,” Mr. Paskin says. 
     
    “Dictionaries have a lot of trouble keeping up with the real world, right?” 
     
    Instead Google has access to a decent subset of all the words people type — “a constantly evolving list of words and phrases,” he says; “the parlance of our times.
     
    ”If you type “kofee” into a search box, Google would like to save a few milliseconds by guessing whether you’ve misspelled the caffeinated beverage or the former United Nations secretary-general. It uses a probabilistic algorithm with roots in work done at AT&T Bell Laboratories in the early 1990s. 
     
    The probabilities are based on a “noisy channel” model, a fundamental concept of information theory. The model envisions a message source — an idealized user with clear intentions — passing through a noisy channel that introduces typos by omitting letters, reversing letters or inserting letters.
     
    “We’re trying to find the most likely intended word, given the word that we see,” Mr. Paskin says. “Coffee” is a fairly common word, so with the vast corpus of text the algorithm can assign it a far higher probability than “Kofi.” 
     
    On the other hand, the data show that spelling “coffee” with a K is a relatively low-probability error. The algorithm combines these probabilities. It also learns from experience and gathers further clues from the context.
     
    James Gleick is the author, most recently, of “The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood.” 
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